Benefits And Risks Of A Foreign Investment Project

Introduction Expanding business activity to a foreign country presents many opportunities and risks. Rewards and risks has to be analyzed and weighted carefully before committing capital for a foreign investment project. Socioeconomic as well as cultural factors must be considered since countries vary in levels of wealth, education, needs and wants. China and Iraq has many differences politically as well as socioeconomically and culturally; therefore, both countries present different levels of risk and opportunity. Furthermore, both countries have different degree of barriers that a company has to deal with before entering the markets. Careful evaluation of political, cultural, and socioeconomic factors must be completed to decide if†¦show more content†¦Also, there is a wide disparity between rural China and densely populated cities like Shanghai and Beijing. Urban regions being much more prosperous, Chipotle should focus on densely populated areas first. Iraq being very politically unstable country failed to create a good economic environment for businesses to succeed. Therefore, income levels in Iraq are extremely low. The country has GDP per capita of $4,629, which is almost two times lower than China. Not accounting for political and other risks, Iraqi people simply do not have enough income to eat out. This factor alone makes Iraq not suitable for expansion. Education Average expected years of education in China is 13.1 years which is about two and a half years less than the US. Education is an important factor in any country since it is a determining factor for not only country’s production but also equality levels. Iraq’s average expected years of schooling is 10.1 which is much lower than the U.S. The education level is a good predictor of prosperity, equality, and stability of a country. Therefore, it’s not surprising that Iraq is not perceived to have favorable business environment. While China is catching up the developed countries and becoming more attractive for foreign investors. Cultural Factors China and Iraq are vastly different countries to operate a business in.

Organizational Culture And Its Impact On Business Performance

Organisational culture refers to a structure of shared perceptions, ideologies and beliefs that present the suitable and unsuitable behaviours to the organisation’s employees. .These principles have a huge effect on employee attitudes and overall organisational performance. Corporate culture could become one of the organisation’s strongest assets or its biggest liability, based on strategies utilised by managers to share customs and values with employees. . The culture, traditions and shared values within an organisation could lead to in enhanced corporate performance. Researchers have discovered that a relationship between corporate culture and company performance, regarding indicators that includes revenues, sales volume, market share and stock prices. This was reflected in the 2007 survey conducted by Bain and Company exhibited results that identified business culture is an important strategy for its corporate success An organisation’s corporate culture would have a great influence on several of its managerial decisions. These include planning, organising, leading and controlling. Strong work place cultures serve as an asset to the organisation, providing them greater that will allow the firm to enhance its organisational performance. In contrast a weak culture serve as detrimental to organisational growth, depleting the level of organisational accomplishments. 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In the recent past this concept is widely studied and researched. One study, reference cited in Tsai (2011), refers Organizational culture to the values and norms that have existed in a company for many years, and to the beliefs of the people and the perceived value of their work that will dominate their mindsets and behavior. It is reasonable to assume thatRead MoreOrganizational Structures And Organizational Cultures For Different Organizations Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesreport of assignment ‘Organization and Behaviour’ deals with the comparison of various different kinds of organizational structures and organizational cultures for different organizations. In addition, the task takes into account the impact of the culture and the structure of organization on the functions and operation of business. However, the various factors which influence the individual performance and behaviour at work is also given emph asis in this part of the report. 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Innocence Theme in Catcher in the Rye Free Essays

Innocence Themes in literary works are recurring, unifying subjects or ideas, motifs that allow us to understand more deeply the characters and their world. In The Catcher in the Rye, the major themes reflect the values and motivations of the characters. Some of these themes are outlined in the following sections. We will write a custom essay sample on Innocence Theme in Catcher in the Rye or any similar topic only for you Order Now As its title indicates, the dominating theme of The Catcher in the Rye is the protection of innocence, especially of children. For most of the book, Holden sees this as a primary virtue. It is very closely related to his struggle against growing up. Holden’s enemy is the adult world and the cruelty and artificiality that it entails. The people he admires all represent or protect innocence. He thinks of Jane Gallagher, for example, not as a maturing young woman but as the girl with whom he used to play checkers. He goes out of his way to tell us that he and Jane had no sexual relationship. Quite sweetly, they usually just held hands. Holden comforted Jane when she was distressed, and it bothers him that Jane may have been subjected to sexual advances from her drunken stepfather or from her date, Holden’s roommate, Stradlater. Holden’s secret goal is to be â€Å"the catcher in the rye. † In this metaphor, he envisions a field of rye standing by a dangerous cliff. Children play in the field with joy and abandon. If they should come too close to the edge of the cliff, however, Holden is there to catch them. His attitude seems to shift near the end of the novel when he realizes that Phoebe and other children must be allowed to â€Å"grab for the gold ring,† to choose their own risks and take them, even though their attempts may be dangerous. How to cite Innocence Theme in Catcher in the Rye, Papers

El Greco Essay Example For Students

El Greco Essay The Agony In the Garden, a mannerist style of art by EL Greco, proclaims a sense of spiritual power of religious faith which accomplishes El Grecos aim to move his audience. El Greco was born on the island of Crete and lived from 1541 to 1614. He represented the most characteristic figure of Spanish Mannerism. El Greco was influenced by and became acquainted with the art of Titian and Jacopo Bassano in Venice where he studied in 1566. In addition to visiting Italy, El Greco made his way to Rome, Parma and probably Florence. On his travels he became more familiar with the work of Parmigianino and the work of Correggio. In El Grecos use of form can be seen Florentine Mannerism. Venetian Mannerism can be seen in the peculiar brilliance of his coloring. The plans for the construction of the Escurial and the discussion of works of art being selected by Philip II, probably attracted El Greco to Spain. However, El Greco failed to satisfy the Italianate tastes of the King. He lived virtually uninterruptedly in Toledo from 1575 on. In Toledo he formed friendships with men of advanced beliefs and humanist interests. The monastic, from which his prime commitment came, were glad to ecorate their churches and cloisters with his elevated visionary paintings. El Greco paintings bordered on a supernatural world of creative fantasy. Most of his paintings survive in a number of copies painted in his own hand. El Grecos studio which employed a large number of assistants also produced many contrasts of his works. People were very curious about his paintings with their unusual setting and flickering impressiveness. In The Agony In The Garden there are two planes displayed in the art work that are disconnected by a few bare branches that contain fugitive leaves. The upper plane onsists of the vision of Christ set against a large rock with a few trees. Christ is kneeling in a reddish-purple robe, with hands stretched out toward the ground. He turns toward the floating angel who is painted in pearly greys. Behind the angel, on the left are spinning clouds. Preceding from an outline of an imaginary town, on the right, are soldiers carrying flags. The inconceivable impression of the picture is due to the contrast of not only passionate and cerebral but in terms of colour- between the two planes and their figural content as well. This painting is the last date of the El Greco pictures in Budapest and is from the ast period of the artists life. The Biblical occurrence illustrated is standardized on two levels, one above the other. The group of the three sleeping apostles fill the lower plane. We find comparable groups of apostles in pictures by Giovanni Bellini. El Greco returns to Quattrocento etiquette, especially in the manner in which the sleeping gray-haired apostle bends his arm around his head. Of the abundant versions of this painting in the artists own hand there is a smaller copy in the Museum at Lille, and other variants are to be found in the Episcopal palace in the Museum of Fine Arts in Buenos Aires. The variant most similarly related to the painting in Budapest is the larger-scale version in the Church of Santa Maria at Andujar which displays other works of mannerist art. The mannerist style thrived at the same time as High Renaissance and Baroque art. Mannerism, like many other names attached to so many other periods of art, was a name conceived in disdain and impudence. Maniera, meaning maner, was correlated with the artist who worked in the manner of someone else. Like an imitator who adapted and sometimes perfected the forms of another. However, there are characteristics of the Bluffing: Business Ethics and Carr EssayThrough the proficient genius of El Greco, who took a acute interest in the intellectual currents of his time the style spread as far as distant Spain. At the same time that Spanish and French invaders were in control of Italy, France, Spain, England and the German city states were fighting their own long-enduring wastes. The characteristics of Mannerism first made their appearance in the full during the period of the classical Renaissance. It began to spread and finally it prevailed. Similarly, in the second half of the sixteenth century, the Baroque style began to come forth and conquer. The judgment of the Council of Trent ran counter to the philosophy as well as the literature and art of the Renaissance. The decisions also disagreed with both the sprit of classical mythology and the conclusions of natural sciences. In fact they engage in active battle for absolutism in the rule of the Church and the temporal monarch. The hurches of the Jesuit order considered the new standard in art. They did not advocate silent dedication, they were designed as mediums for the preacher and the religious propagandist. Making use of the documents and the characteristics of the Mannerists artists, the new style was a form of assertion which alarmed a sacred faith in the believer, giving him an active sense of partaking in the mysteries of religion. The solemn guaranty of the Renaissance portraits, the stiff and chill portraits of Mannerism were replaced by radiant allegorical representations of the dominant princes and monarchs producing a eeling of awe and acquiescence before their almost superhuman power in the spectators breast. Paintings were of classical gods and goddesses, extraordinary in flying draperies and their fervid and unsettled indications. However, this was all that cultivated Europe had in common during the Baroque period. The international similarity of Mannerist art which had lasted for about a century, disintegrated England, but the widespread notions of art began to contrast in France, Italy and Spain. The bourgeois perspective of the Dutch Baroque naturally familiarized the Dutch painters towards realism. There is no dilemma in determining whether one is looking at the work of a Northern or Southern arts, an Italian or a Dutch. The national characteristics break through the thin international coating that developed during the Mannerist period. The diffusion and victory of Baroque art was at the same time a success for unique national characteristics. Some Mannerist artist were able to combine themselves in the melting pot of the European public and benefited most form the prudent principles of their times. A Baroque painter even conserved his national characteristics. Baroque made use of characteristics of the Mannerist style by engaging and future maturing them. There was more unity in Mannerist styles outweighing ideas and more variance in its forms of presentation. Classicism, however, was piercingly against everything mutual to Mannerism and the Baroque. It condemned Mannerism in some unstable terms, with all its integrity and corruptions. The Masters, such as El Greco were forgotten, but that taste in art could not be hidden forever. Mannerist art came back to life after it had been dead for a few centuries. It fist came back to life with the discovery of El Greco and others.

Important Questions for Great Leaders in Future

Important Questions for Great Leaders in Future Leadership is quite an ambiguous word, and every person can define it in his or her way. There are plenty of theoretical books on leadership and how to be an effective manager, but all of them lack practice and unique experience on a person. That is why, they cannot answer the question of how one can become a charismatic, confident, and influential chief, but you can. We have included four essential questions that’ll help to find the key to professional management. What is Leadership for Me? There are different beliefs about leadership and what it should be like. Some of them are even polar, others are quite similar but rendered in different words. You should define this notion for you, decide what matters most, and what qualities a potential manager should have. Once you have found the answer to this question, define the set of principles and stick to them. What Do You Expect from Yourself? Our world knows a lot of examples of effective leaders, who are worth to be admired and followed. Are there any people you are fond of and respect? Think what they do right and what features of their character have helped them to achieve their position in the society. Do you have such traits? Ed Ruggero, a former Army officer and business writer, and training coach of how to become a great leader offers a useful exercise during which a person should give personal statements about themselves as successful managers. For example, â€Å"I will participate fully in every team effort but will make every effort to delegate responsibility and authority to those who are capable. I will give credit for the accomplishments of each and every team member.† Another good step to take on the way to great leadership is to define your flaws that can be converted into assets and work on them. What Can You Expect from Employees? One of the most interesting questions that bother many leaders is what they can expect from their employees. In addition to that, they inquire when employees should seek help, in what situations it is appropriate to demand solutions from them, and some other things. The majority of people in leading positions agree that they want to see honest, genuine, responsible people, who feel enthusiastic about their job and strive for self-improvement. Sometimes, managers seek for people who are not afraid of expressing their thoughts and views, and what is more important, those who are ready to disagree with their bosses when it is necessary. And what are your expectations of your employees? Are to Opt to Work on Self-Improvement? You should work hard in order to become a great leader, and you can never stop developing yourself. It’s important for the great chief to be a versatile person. One should know how to hide drawbacks and operate positive features. What is more, they should remember that the society and business develops, and leaders should keep up with them. To be in charge of a small company is not the same as to be an executive in an enterprise. It may require a different strategy and more sophisticated management model. Therefore, being a good leader is a complex task which requires commitment, a clear understanding of what workers expect from you and what are your expectations of employees. What is more, leadership is a constant work on self-improvement and development, but the result is worth those efforts.

Critical Study of Tourism and negative effect it has on the Environment The WritePass Journal

Critical Study of Tourism and negative effect it has on the Environment Introduction Critical Study of Tourism and negative effect it has on the Environment IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction Tourism is a global industry of great economic importance, driven by human desire to  experience  new environments,  be it the natural environment of a tropical beach or the built environment of an old city. People are travelling regularly to different parts of the world for long term stay on different purposes like vacation, business meetings, and recreation is Tourism. These people are usually called as tourist’s .Group of businesses or services which are dependent on tourism is collectively called Tourism Industry .Tourism industry has become one of the rapid growing industry across the world. The demand is increasing day by day. Most tourism places in the world seem to be France, Spain, USA, China, Italy and the UK. (Charmaine 2010) Many countries depend heavily upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Therefore it provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels.   The average standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. Consequently this serves negatively as increased pollution disturbs local residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. After this, tourism undermines culture by commercializing it and this is often connected with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise tourists do not always respect traditional cultures. There are a number of benefits of tourism for both the tourist and the host destination.   On a large scale it offers a good alternative to some more destructive industries for generating income both on nationally and privately. The tourism industry encompasses many different areas, so it also creates jobs in many different areas.   With tourism come hotels, restaurants, car rental agencies, tour companies, service stations, souvenir shops, sports equipment rentals, and much more.   All of this creates many different levels of employment for people in a given community. Tourism industry is taking advantage of the demand and working more on the development side, and as a result some rural places are also getting developed. The most commonly seen advantages benefits from the Tourism include new jobs, income, and tax revenue to the government. The tourism is also bringing the knowledge of that particular place to the world, and upgrading the local cultural facilities, or an enhancement of regional conservation efforts .Generally, tourism is very profitable in the terms of income for the countries, especially to those which are in the developing stage, as this industry does not require lot of literacy or capital. And it yields good profits with less investment. (Blake and Albache 2008) Tourism provides much needed foreign currency and foreign investment .The economy of third world country can boom through this and the population benefits as well .Development should meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs . So the tourism industry should work today for the better life of future citizens. As the country has more economic sources, now it can be used for the improvements of the infrastructures like roads, transportations and communication links which again will be useful for both the local people and to the tourists. As a result of increased demand of tourism, environmental development issues will be considered by the government to attract tourists. Directly or indirectly Tourism will also be responsible for the improvement of the local education standard. (Debbie 2003) Benefits deriving from tourism development must be balanced against potential negative effects. Jobs in the travel and tourism industry are frequently low-paying and seasonal and often offer limited benefits.   In some cases, particularly where tourism strategies are ineffectual, local residents may have to pay for tourism marketing and infrastructure through higher taxes. Tourism can also increase demand for land in rural areas, which may inflate real estate prices, potentially putting the cost of housing beyond the reach of the average local resident.   This is the case for some amenity-rich tourism destinations, experiencing growth in recent years stemming from recreation-based activities (Brown and Fazzone, 1998). Tourism may directly lead to unsightly sprawl in rural areas by creating a demand for development. Other negative side effects include potentially higher rates of crime and greater demand for local services, such as police and fire protection and sanitation services, which can be expensive to provide.   Also, tourism can risk changing the rural â€Å"sense of place† for some communities. Increased crowding and traffic congestion may also result with an influx of tourists into an area. Greater demand for local arts and crafts can also potentially lead to a lowering of the quality of these products.   Finally, tourism risks degrading natural resources in rural areas unless3 environmental sustainability efforts are undertaken.   Many of these risks, however, can be mitigated if proper planning is employed at the outset of tourism development. (Holden 2007) Sustainable tourism in its purest sense is an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism that is both ecologically and culturally sensitive. (Beech and Chadwick 2005) Sustainable tourism activities have minimal impact on the environment and culture of the host community. According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism that leads to the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems. Taking a leaf from the definition of sustainability itself, sustainable tourism is also defined as a process which meets the needs of the present tourists and host communities whilst protecting and enhancing needs in the future Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability. (Goodwin 2000) Sustainable Tourism refers to a level of tourism activity that can be maintained over the long term because it results in a net benefit for the social, economic, natural and cultural environments of the area in which it takes place. The United Nations World Tourism Organisation defines sustainable tourism as tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future. Rather than being a type of product, it is an ethos that underpins all tourism activities. As such, it is integral to all aspects of tourism development and management rather than being an add-on component The objective of sustainable tourism is to retain the economic and social advantages of tourism development while reducing or mitigating any undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment. This is achieved by balancing the needs of tourists with those of the destination. Sustainable tourism is tourism that is economically, socio culturally and environmentally sustainable. With sustainable tourism, socio cultural and environmental impacts are neither permanent nor irreversible. (Butler 1999) Bibliography Blake, A., J. S. Arbache, et al. (2008). Tourism and poverty relief. Annals of Tourism Research Available from: http://The Disadvantages of Tourism in Developing Countries | Suite101.com  suite101.com/content/the-disadvantages-of-tourism-in-developing-countries-a292259#ixzz1MQA3Ciue Butler, W. 1999 ’Sustainable tourism’ London: Rutledge. Available from: informaworld.com/10.1080/14616689908721291 Charmaine, M. 2010. ‘Land Pollution Effects on Tourism’ Available from: ehow.com/about_6643366_land-pollution-effects-tourism.html Debbie, S. 2003.’Travel Tourism Marketing’. Available from: travelandtourism.com/10.1300/J073v17n04_05 Goodwin, H. 2000. ‘Tourism and Biodiversity’ Available from: http://egis.cefe.cnrsmop.fr/Tourism%20Frontpages/Boniface%20article.htm Holden, A. 2007. ‘Environment and Tourism’ London: Routledge. Available from:   routledge.com/books/details/9780415399555/

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Research project - Essay Example The research can be carried out based on a survey on the loyal customers as well as the managers of the restaurant. Hence, the participation of the customers is an important factor for the research that is to be conducted. As the demand for fast food is increasing, the business of Pizza Express restaurant is expanding and therefore the researcher has chosen this as the topic of discussion. The research is to be conducted in a mixed method approach using both qualitative as well as the quantitative methodology by conducting a survey and an interview to the customers and the managers of Pizza Express restaurant. Since the customer satisfaction level can only be measured based on the responses of the customers about the services offered by the employees hence this quantitative approach comprising of questionnaires is the best methodology to be followed. The overall analysis regarding the performance of the company is carried out based on the responses of the customers and the managers that would satisfactorily answer the research question. The restaurant aims at providing quality food to its customers and expanding its business all over the world so as to raise its customer base. The company introduced pizza in the UK for the first time in 1956 as it is considered as one of the best loved brands of UK (Johnson, et al., 2000). The restaurant is suitable for all types of events that are starting from a business lunch to a night out with friends. The company is known to serve the authentic Italian pizzas to the customers of different origin. The restaurant is known to offer a free customer Wi-Fi service in order to facilitate the payment App (Ehsan, 2012). The customers are expected to order pizza online and the restaurant is highly efficient in delivering quality products and quick services. The new app launched by the Pizza Express restaurant enables the customers to pay their bills online and also provide feedback for the pizzas that are

What's up with the American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What's up with the American Dream - Essay Example Wal-Mart was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton. It was incorporated in 1969 and began to publicly trade in the New York Stock Exchange in the year 1972. Currently, Wal-Mart runs 8,416 stores situated in 15 different countries. However, despite the success story of Wal-Mart Company, it has been faced with criticisms on how it treats its employees. For instance, from the essay of Karen Olsson, it is evident that many workers leave the company within their first days of work because of poor working environment and low wages. In addition, the health plan of Wal-Mart Company is very poor or worse. For instance, Karen Olsson points out that the company deducts huge sum of money from each worker in order to compensate for their health insurance (Olsson 603). The pay of Wal-Mart is low and its demands are very high. Rather than assisting its employees, it encourages them to get Medicaid, public housing and public assistance in order to compensate for low wages or salaries. Wal-Mart employees str uggle to live with these low salaries. This treatment is against the American dream which is driven by the desire to see every American succeed in life without struggle. It is true that Wal-Mart provides health insurance but at higher cost of over $ 70 out of each paycheck. Due to its rapid expansion and growth, Wal-Mart sets the pace for benefits and salaries in the United State’s economy (Olsson 606). The standards that Wal-Mart sets are unacceptable. The pay is too low and it could adversely affect the U.S economy. For instance, average hourly pay is $ 7 which translates to $ 18,000 a year at a Corporation that makes a profit of over $ 6 billion annually. Most of the workers at the company opt to ignore the health coverage of the company since it costs up to $ 2,500 per year. Further, it is hard for employees to get insurance cover for their children because of the increasing disparity between profits and wages. Wal-Mart has the moral responsibility to offer better working conditions and pay to its workers because they are the reason the company make profits. Sebastian in his essay argues that Wal-Mart is not progressive as its critics think. For instance, he states that most critics of Wal-Mart assert that Wal-Mart acts as a parasite in the sense that the company has five percent of its workers on Medicaid. According to Mallaby (622), it is a typical level for large company, and most firms offer its employees four percent of health insurance. Because of the increasing income inequality, Wal-Mart should provide discounts on its food in order to boost the welfare of American shoppers. In addition, Wal-Mart should fight to offer the lowest prices on goods by maintaining the greatest quality o its products. Wal-Mart sets its prices quite lower than the average industry prices in order to win greater market share. The firm makes all efforts to improve process efficiencies. However, it is important to note that Wal-Mart is the center of the globalised, te chnology drive company that has raised the level of income inequality as discussed in Robert Frank’s article. Customers expect organizations to operate in a moral way. Wal-Mart has to work with customers to produce quality products that are in line with the customer’s desires and expectations. Further, Wal-Mart Company has the moral responsibility to offer customers free access to data concerning their operation. Social responsibility and code of conduct are created with the recognition that every activity that a company do is connected with their work. The Company should ensure that whatever activity they do, does not contravene the interest of the society. According to Mallaby (620), Wal-Mart might be assisting Americans fight health care inflation but at the same

Ancient judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient judaism - Essay Example Another important issue that strikes me is whether the Baal stele representing the image of Baal is the one that Elijah challenged from during the mount Camel protest. The book portrays how the temple warning inscriptions were of great importance to the Jewish community during ancient time (Shaye, 2006). I perceive that the temple inscription is vital is vital understanding the study of biblical archaeology and gives us the real picture of how events unfolded in the temple or synagogue. The book has helped gain insight on how the Maccabees ruled the Jews up to the time of Mishna publication in second century when Jesus Christ was on earth. In addition, the issues of intellectual, social, and literary aspects are well explained in trying to understand the literature of early Christianity. During the time of Jesus, when he saw the inscription he understood that his own life would be used to save the gentiles go past their problems and barriers. The temple in ancient Judaism helped in major religious ceremonies in that it was a place specifically designed for education, charitable work, and prayer, as well a social place where only people from Judah were allowed to enter. This implies that they were very serious on matters concerning worship. It is also vital to note that the history of the temple as presented in this book depicts how Judaism developed from the time of Roman Empire up to the time of Jesus Christ. This conclusion is made after a careful analysis of how events unfolded in Judah (Shaye, 2004). The bar kohba revolted against the roman empire which led to the establishment of an independent state in the same way students need to revolt against barbaric philosophies of these and strive to work hard as independent figures without influence from other people. Inaddition, Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai gave lectures of Rabban and Rebbe Gamliel even though he lived before them. from

The History About Sexism Sociology Essay

The History About Sexism Sociology Essay Sexism is a belief or attitude that one gender or sex is inferior to or less valuable than the other and can also refer to hatred or distrust towards either gender as a whole, or creating stereotypes (Britannica Para 1). Instead of considering individual merits, many people base their opinions toward a certain gender, which often lead to biased stereotypes (Blau 57). Women are usually viewed as feeble, weak being in need of support. Throughout the history, the feminist movement fought against such deep-rooted views. As a result, it is apparent that women now have much more political representation and get higher education. The passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a small victory; however, the fight to end sexism continues until this day (Blau 64). Even though many people argue that women are now equal to men in the United State, it is not true because explicit sexism is still prevalent in the workplace, media stereotyping can be seen in most places, and gender role reinforceme nts are taught to children. The most obvious form of discrimination is the difference in financial compensation for the same, exact job specification. The Equal Pay Act came into effect in 1975 (Overall 83). It seemed like a huge transformation in the workplace where women were always paid less than their male counterparts. After the Equal Pay Act, it was considered illegal to differentiate the wages for the same work based on gender alone. Starting from the 1980s, the gap between the wages of men and women narrowed significantly. The New Earning Survey in 1980 indicates that on average, men got paid 40% more than women. In 1992, the gap had narrowed even more to 25%; however, there still is a significant wage difference in highflying jobs. (Kowaleski 184). The same survey showed that the hourly wage of women were on an average 70.9% of men in 2009 (Kowaleski 189). One very important problem is that women are usually placed on the lower ladder of work force, meaning it may be very difficult to compare the skill s and the respective salary at the same time. Simple analysis of numeral figures does not take many other factors involved in apparent sexism in modern society. Another area of prolonged sexism in the workplace is the womens chance of getting promoted to executive levels. In terms of sheer number, more women are getting jobs than ever, reaching 46% of the work force; nevertheless, only 3% of women hold chief executive position. The rate of increase in the number of women executives in the last two decades is less than 2% making women still linger on the very bottom of the socioeconomic ladder. With more women getting jobs, it encourages other women who were reluctant to move into the labor market to do the same and become more career minded. Although woman now make up 46% of the work force, only 3% of woman hold chief executive positions. This has only increased by 2% in the last 20 years (Kowaleski 202). Two US reporters writing in The Wall Street Journal coined the term glass ceiling (Blau 157). This type of discrimination varies between countries but in the United States it has legal ramifications. The United Nations has stated, in 2006, that women struggle to break through a glass ceiling and that their leadership positions remain too slow (Christopher 224). The term glass ceiling describes a perceived barrier to advancement in our society. In the United States the government funds a group called the Glass Ceiling Commission, which works to help fight the glass ceiling and they also collect statistics to look in to the rampant discrimination in American society based on gender or ethnic background. The GCC stated: Over half of all Masters degrees go to women, yet 95% of the Fortune 500 companies are men. It is a clear indication that certain stereotypes and gender biases are still hindering the equality in our society. The last form of explicit sexism in the workplace is the lack of support for child-birth and child-rearing women. The Employment Act 1978 gives women, going through pregnancy and child birth, the right to have time off with no loss of position (Overall 286). This is only given, however, to women who have a career involving full time and continuous employment and stops just 29 weeks after childbirth (Overall 287). Parental leave, flexible hours, and care of the child are left for the employer and employee to discuss. This is a very complex problem because women are most often considered the primary caregiver, making it very difficult for them to give up their maternal duties. Nursery provisions for women who want to go back to work after fulfilling their domestic duties are appalling. Only 2% of work places have nursery facilities and the male dominated government seems to think that the problem doesnt exist (Burg 43). Taking into account that most women would like to have at least on e child, there is going to be a lot of women in low paid jobs because women must carry on with many roles to perform. Women will most certainly turn to part-time employment, which means they will most likely suffer from lower job security and compensation. Many people believe women are now treated fairly equal in workplaces because they see more women working in administrative positions and in the field of politics. Although it is true that there are many laws enacted to secure better working environment, statistics and reality still demonstrate wide gap between the male and the female workers (Burg 89). As of year 2009, the number of women entering college exceeded that of men; however, proportion of men and women in the labor market, especially in the management positions, is still far from being balanced (Berg 116). Sexism in workplaces is prevalent in the modern society. Mass media is the main force to be blamed for gender stereotyping causing sexism. Women are most often portrayed as sexual objects. With the growing influence of media, young men are using women in pejorative ways to gain their masculinity. The explicit lyrics and visual stimulations used in the media are usually focused in the glorification of sexist, misogynist and patriarchal ways of thinking to attract mainstream culture. Teens blindly follow and mimic many of the ideas portrayed with sexist viewpoints (Burg 172). Sadly, the women are vastly degraded in the music industry and the music videos by being represented in a disrespectful manner with an emphasis placed only on their body. This denotes them as a sex symbol, and womens reputation will continue to deteriorate because that is what the media and culture demands (Berg 174). Not only are many well-liked songs demeaning in manner, but so are the popular videos that people watch. The television industry is a major influence of young mens minds. They learn through media that the path to masculinity remains in using women as their primary tool (Burg 189). The extent of such influence is so vast that young children mimic the vulgar actions and often consider these figures as their role models (Sexism Para. 5). The brainwashed children continue watching explicit scenes of apparent sexism believing that such sexist behavior is acceptable in society. Women, on the other hand, are also brainwashed to believe that the best way to attract men is to use the sex appeal (Sexism Para 7). Both men and women are constantly absorbed in the skewed messages sent by the mass media; this is causing unconscious gender stereotyping, leading to unceasing sexism in the modern society. Male dominance is the final factor to blame for gender stereotyping done by the mass media. People deeply involved in making music, videos, or commercials are predominately males (Burg 173). Just like workplaces, males dominate the mass media. They see everything through their perspectives and interpret them with their point of views. In films, men are usually portrayed as super-heroes and protagonists saving the world from doom or feeble counter parts from danger. Women are usually portrayed as a subordinate to men. Without central male figure at the center of the plot, woman alone cannot function properly. Girls get the latent message here believing that the Prince Charming has to rescue them from dire situations. Brainwashing and gender stereotyping can be done most effectively through the mass media and it is responsible for unceasing sexism in our society (Sexism para 4). Some argue that gender stereotyping in the media is comparable to violence. Just because the audience sees the violence, it doesnt mean that it automatically gets translated into crime. It is true in that exposure to gender stereotyping will not always lead to sexism; however, in order to reduce and prevent further acts of sexism and discrimination, the frequency and the context must be controlled very strictly. The mass media must accept more female perspectives and interpretations to portray the reality. Without active involvement from all corners of our society, sexism will not cease to exist. In order to uproot such sexism from our society, younger children must be taught properly; however, as of now, gender role reinforcements are taught in various directions to young children. Little boys and girls learn from the very early stages of their lives that certain gender roles and characteristics are expected of them. The young children get their initial ideas from what they see most often, such as parents, teachers, toys, or TV programs. Subconscious imprinting occurs throughout their childhood, and such deeply rooted stereotypes go all the way to the end of their lives (Burg 231). Certain colors represent certain gender even before birth. Pinks and pastels are most often associated with girls, while blue and green are representative of male characteristics. Toys are also predestined according to gender stereotyping. Boys are taught to play around with robots and cars. Girls are usually attracted to dolls and princesses. The packaged boxes of the plastic tool set usually por tray boys as models. Dolls and kitchen sets always have girls as models, indicating that boys are in charge of doing the outdoor activities, while girls stay home and do household chores. These seemingly unrelated gender roles are deeply ingrained in the childrens minds from the earliest stages of their lives. Stronger support of traditional child rearing methods comes from parents who insist that the old way is the best. Parents or the caregivers in the earliest stages of life influence the perspectives of their children. Many mothers, for instance, explicitly tell their children how to act in front of an opposite gender. Girls are constantly pressured to act polite, shy, or naÃÆ'Â ¯ve. Boys are pressured with certain standards, such as academic achievement, manners, or bravery. Parents and caregivers incessantly pressure their children with set standards to perform (Akrami 68). Later, when they reach certain age, women are told not to be bossy or out-spoken. At the same time, men are told take care of the weak and to take control. These stereotypical gender biases are constantly rooted to children until they become adults. (Barnette 72). Proponents of gender role reinforcements taught to children argue that it is the most basic job of the parents to teach their children the most natural state of being (Davis 34) Theres nothing wrong with teaching children how to live their life; however, forceful brainwashing or constant reinforcements regardless of the childrens unique character will definitely become a problem. The parents were educated like that from their parents. Thats probably the reason why many people blindly insist certain characters or traits to their children. Parents must realize that the world is changing. Gender stereotypes must be fixed or eradicated altogether according to the pace of change in the modern society. Thats the key to more understanding and wider scope of perspective. To sum up, sexism is alive and well in our society. It is prevalent in our society, especially in the workplace, granting only partial benefits and opportunities to women. Gender stereotypes are strongly reinforced and taught in the media and in our own homes. To accomplish an absolute equality in our society, both men and women must work together for a very long time with respect. Drastic change is very unlikely, but small changes in thoughts will definitely improve the problem of sexism and discrimination in our society.

Three Possible Taiwan Futures Essay -- essays research papers

Taiwan’s past and present are inextricably linked to that of the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, one cannot begin to postulate and critically comment upon a possible â€Å"Taiwan future† without first assessing the prevailing political climate of her mainland cousin: the People’s Republic of China. Given the current rhetoric espoused by both Taipei and Beijing, one may argue that three possible â€Å"Taiwan futures† emerge as most likely to occur. These scenarios, from most to least probable, are: 1) peaceful reunification with the PRC; one country, two systems; 2) a referendum declaring Taiwan a sovereign state, independent of the PRC; and 3) reunification achieved via a PRC initiated military action. It is not insignificant that the Republic of China, Taiwan, and the People’s Republic of China, Communist Mainland China, have consistently and unequivocally asserted a sacrosanct principle regarding the state of Sino-Taiwanese relations: that there is only â€Å"one China.† Furthermore, in February 1972, the United States and the People’s Republic of China issued a joint communiquà © stating, â€Å"...the United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China† (www.chinanews.org). Therefore, one may argue that the first and most likely scenario for a possible â€Å"Taiwan future† is â€Å"peaceful reunification; one country, two systems.† The foundation for â€Å"peaceful reunification; one country, two systems† was laid in January 1979 when the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China called for an end to military hostilities between the PRC and Taiwan. The Standing Committee asserted that in its quest for national reunification, the PRC â€Å"will respect the status quo on Taiwan and the views of people of all walks of life there and adopt reasonable policies and measures.† In September 1981, the Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, Ye Jianying, reiterated this policy. Jianying avowed, â€Å"...after the country is reunified, Taiwan can enjoy a high degree of autonomy as a special administrative region† (www.chinanews.org). Furthermore, in January 1982, China’s paramount leader, Deng Xiaoping, remarked that in the event of national reunification the PRC would continue with its socialist system while Taiwan could maintain capit alism. In August of 1993, the S... ...of Taiwan in the event of a PRC invasion. One may argue that the People’s Republic of China is not yet ready to enter into a direct confrontation with the US. The second obstacle that precludes a PRC invasion of Taiwan is the absence of a littoral fleet capable of making a sustained assault on Taiwan. With the Taiwanese army firmly entrenched in the Pescadores and on the islands of Quemoy and Matsu, an amphibious assault on Taiwan would be akin to swallowing a â€Å"poison shrimp.† The third, and perhaps most important, obstacle that precludes a PRC invasion of Taiwan is stigma attached to the employment of nuclear weapons. It is highly unlikely that the PRC would be willing to use nuclear weapons against other Chinese. It is possible to envision three distinct â€Å"Taiwan futures†: 1) peaceful reunification with the PRC; one country, two systems; 2) a referendum declaring Taiwan a sovereign state, independent of the PRC; and 3) reunification achieved via a PRC initiated military action. However, until the political winds in Beijing change, it is unlikely that Taiwan’s current ambiguous status on the world stage will change. For the time being, Taiwan’s future remains cloudy and uncertain.

Public Administration and Management: Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnerships in Terms of Improving Service Delivery and Accountability

Before weighing the pros and cons a partnership may bring in terms of improving service delivery and accountablity in public administration, definitions and more information regarding the topic must be laid out. Public administration is generally defind as the development, implementation and study of government policy.For the good of the public, it highlights civil society and social justice. It is also historically referred to as government management, it calls for non- government organizations that do not act out of self- interest.It has become area of discussion which talks about the meaning and purpose of government, bureaucracy, budgets, governance, and public affairs tha take place. Public management that hand in hand works with public administration in achieving public good is the economically driven side of operation of government.It attempts to reemphasize the professional nature of both fields that are connected with one another. Government and non-profit organizations woul d then resemble private sectors in some ways. Even with management tools which are appropriate for public and private domains, there are still differences that make public administration different from being a private sector for it emphasizes the social and cultural drivers of government that many contend (e.g. Graham T. Allison and Charles Goodsell).What should always be kept in mind is that there is always a need for a quality system of public management. This system has to deliver quality and speedy service to the citizens that it serves.When this can be done, a country may progress and prosper. Even after introducing public service reforms such as long queues, delays and bad attitudes of workers towards work and clients, there is still poor service delivery making the objective stated unachieved.Also, another explanation is maybe due to the lack of accountability wherein officials are not always accountable for their work, either to parliament or the citizens concerned. It is im portant that the public service both delivers what is expected of them to the public and at the same time be accountable for the work that they do.To further explain, for any government service, it is fundamental to have a service delivery. Citizens look up to government and its department for their needs and for any services they may need. What of then about public service?It has to fulfill the government’s broad economic and social objective in formulating economic and social policies and implementing public programs which will be used to achieve what is needed.Then it must be asked whether the public service has fulfilled their duties and satisfying citizens’ needs and expectations and whether the service they have delivered is quick, reliable and effective. Meanwhile accountability is imperative as a means in providing quality public service. It is how public bodies should be handled.

Botulism essays

Botulism essays There are many types of diseases in the world today. The disease I am doing my report is botulism. Botulism is a very deadly disease. Botulism is a very rare food poisoning that is very deadly. The name of my disease is Botulism. The part of the body that is effected by this deadly disease is the human intestine and then the nerves. The disease then starts effecting your breathing and unless you are put on artificial breathing you will die from lack of oxygen. The diagnosis of botulism is rare but deadly. The common cause of botulism is a bacteria. This bacteria is called Clostridium botulinum. Bacteria such as this one live in the soil on which we walk and in places that receive no oxygen. An example of a place with no oxygen is in food in which is not properly stored. There are many symptoms of botulism. The side effects that are not so bad are dizziness and drowsiness. The very worst symptom in which you can receive from botulism is death. The symptoms often take about a day to occur after getting the disease. Botulism is mainly passed through caned foods that are not stored properly. Another way the disease is passed on is by eating foods contaminated by botulinum spores. The second way of receiving the disease is mostly found in infants. There is not much treatment for the disease botulism. The best thing to do is go to the hospital. There they sound give you oxygen so you do not suffocate from the disease. They sound also watch over you very carefully. There are no vaccines that I could find for botulism. I am sure there will be one soon. The disease is rare and might not exist long enough for a vaccine to be made. The chances of surviving botulism are about fifty fifty. Your body is not immune to it. About 50% of people having botulism die. Botulism is a rare food poisoning that is very deadly. If not treated quickly you could die from suffocation. Artificial breathing is needed ...

Economics Dissertations How to Create a Masterpiece

Economics Dissertations How to Create a Masterpiece Most students who are undertaking the major of economics have got an element of economics dissertations during the final year of receiving the education. Basically, it may be the greatest writing project that a student has to fulfill if compared to the time, efforts, and dedication that are needed to write it. The economics is a young science that has a tremendous impact on the world. It finds and detects the peculiarities and develops personal theories regarding the tendencies in the world of finances and bank affairs. Points to Bring Economics Dissertation to Perfection With an abundance of thesis topics for economics papers, there will always be something interesting to investigate and put into practice. That is why in order to craft a real masterpiece in the science of economics, the author should attend to the following points while writing the assignment. Find a writing niche Before you set out on your investigation path, you should make a decision on where you will start your writing. You need to consider what field of economics you are interested in. It can be either macro- or microeconomic investigation. Conduct the investigation of the tendencies in the world of science and concentrate on finding the topic that will be applicable and practical for the society and experts of the science. You need to understand what contribution you can make to the fund of the world’s knowledge. Decide on the typology of economics writing The world of finances is composed of so many aspects that it is hard to imagine. The writer can formulate a personal economics theory and work on the arguments which will prove its applicability. The investigators of economic theories have got a potential of helping the society. It is possible to study the existing theories and conduct a comparative historical analysis of the background of the science. There is also an opportunity to develop either an empirical investigation or gathering of encyclopedia entries. All these types will be equally helpful, and it depends exclusively on the writer what topic is the most important for working on. Provide a mathematical analysis Economics is tightly connected with numbers as most of the investigation involves financial analysis and statistical data analysis. You should never ignore the necessity to present the calculations in your dissertation. It is usually presented in a practical part of the dissertation or in the appendixes. Prepare all the formulas beforehand so that it is easier to organize the whole paper in the most effective manner. Use modern technologies Sitting with a calculator and counting the statistical data manually will take a lot of your time. There are plenty of software solutions which were developed specifically for the economists. They contain all the basic formulas and can automatically calculate all the data that is inserted into the corresponding fields. Additionally, it is strongly advisable to create some charts and diagrams that will generalize all the ideas that will be described in the text. Moreover, it can become a superb visual aid for writing during the public defense of the dissertation. The information above would be applicable exclusively for writing the economics research project, but you shouldn’t also forget about general writing demands for dissertation writing that are standard for all types of writing as well as some looking facts to make the paper interesting. As a result, you will obtain an investigation paper of the ultimate quality. If you are looking for professional help with dissertation in economics, dont hesitate to contact our service right now.

The deal with the devil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The deal with the devil - Essay Example Trying to remember what was on those hollow shelves that were attached in the wall up the sink. He went straight to the sink and washed his face in the faucet. After a few minutes, he got dressed casually and went out from his apartment for a walk. He entered a local bar that was only a couple of blocks away from his endangered abode. With only two bottle of beer, he felt his head becoming very heavy all of a sudden. While laying his head on the table, he felt something warm trickled down to his face. A tap in his back suddenly put a halt on this. He lifted his head up and saw that beside him a Chinese old man gazing at him to whom the hand that tapped him came from. He wiped the tears in his eyes and looked at the old man, his gaze questioning. "A chit-chat My wife left me, my dog left me, I lost my business, I owe the bank millions . . . I want to die, do you know that, and you're there for a chit-chat" he exasperated as if finding the old man's offer ridiculous. The old man brought out an old jar from his worn-out Chinese-designed travelling bag, an antique jar. It has embroideries and ash-like colors of blue and greens and shades of red in its body. The old man scanned hastily the room first as if making sure that their conversation will be secured. "This may help, but you will ha... "However, don't ever open this jar unless you are really desperate, miserable, and hopeless." David received the jar, intrigued. He was gazing at it intently for minutes; he was gazing too much that he didn't noticed the old man was not anymore in the seat when he looked at his direction. He picked up the jar, left some change in the table and stormed out in the bar despite of the rain pour. The Deal. Not more than 15 minutes, when he arrived at his apartment he opened the jar curiously. Ashes. Dull ashes. That's what the jar contains. He spilled them in the table and threw the jar heavily in the couch. He sat down and bowed his head. When he lifted his head he was stunned to what he saw. Standing in the table where the ashes before was a little creature that looked like a fetus. It is a scary looking creature that only measures a thumb, perhaps the scariest and the most bizarre thing he has seen in his life. He drew away from the table and run to the bathroom. When he attempted to locked the door of the bathroom he felt something moving at the top of his right shoulder - the creature seems sitting on it. Like attached or something. He remembered the old animation movie, which the talking cricket is always following the wooden boy. Feed me. With your blood. A drop every midnight. It is talking without even moving its mouth. No! David shouted. You have no choice. I'm yours now and you are mine. I will make your life better. Feed me! It said in low and hissing-like voice. Aware that it was nearly midnight the last time he checked the time, he hurriedly took his razor and slides his thumb on it. As it bleeds, the creature flew to his hand and sucked the trickling blood. David twitched and suddenly he fell. Riiiiiiiiing! David lifted his head, trying to

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of European Union (EU) as a Essay

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of European Union (EU) as a foreign policy actor - Essay Example f measuring the EU’s external behavior and its policymaking in order to conclude if there is or not an European Foreign Policy, the theoretical interest has been mainly centered in the theoretical capability-expectations gap and in categorizing and defining not the EFP but the EU’s international role. It is only lately that some studies have pointed out the relevance and the need of a Foreign Policy Approach (FPA) to help explain the complex arena of the European Union’s Foreign Policy. To adapt FPA to the European Union, an original and unique political organization, poses no insuperable problems. The difficulty is to apply an FPA approach to â€Å"European Foreign Policy†. In my view the concept of â€Å"European Foreign Policy† is the problem. For some analysts EFP is synonymous with EU’s Common Foreign and Security policy (CFSP) which should be differentiated from the European Community external competences (the traditional trade policy and the new development policy complementary to those of the Member States). Recently Hill (2002: 2-3) employs the term â€Å"European Foreign Policy† to the ensemble of the international activities of the European Union alone, not only CFSP activities but also including outputs from the other two EU’s pillars, considered as a â€Å"mass of activity† which cannot be pretended to be in itself coherent. Others find the former definition to restrictive and consider that EFP takes three forms: member states Foreign Policy, Community external relations and Union’s CFSP. In this context EFP is understood as a system of external relations or a Foreign Policy system where these three strands can be differentiated for analytical purpose. Although these perspectives stress that a key research task for the analyst is to establish the extent to which these forms have become interwoven over time, the fact is that this notion of EFP emphasizes the distinct sets of activity more than their interaction. These definitions of EFP tend

The History of the Pirates Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The History of the Pirates - Research Paper Example From the research it can be comprehended that, historically, civilization has developed in lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Civilization began in Ancient Egypt. There is evidence that peoples from different parts of the world made journeys across oceans to Ancient Egypt to partake in trade and other activities. This is because there is the mention of ships and boats in Biblical texts like Genesis 49 where Jacob blesses one of his sons to control a port. This shows that ships existed for several thousands of years. Although there are few sources of piracy in that era of Ancient Egypt, there is little evidence that also shows that there was no piracy. This therefore leaves this era of history in some kind of darkness. However, Grainger states that there is evidence that piracy was quite common in the era where Ancient Greece was at its peak. He quotes an instance the Assyrian King Sennacharib who sought to fight piracy in his time. In Grainger's assessment of Sennacharib's attemp t to fight piracy, he notes that the effort was not so successful since there were too many limitations in resources the king had. There were also clear evidence that the pirates had so many options and could evade capture. This is because in that era, there concept of nationality was not so strong and there was little co-operation between nations. This made it difficult to handle instances where ships intercepted other ships and stole the cargo and killed people on the ship. Numerous texts cite that the Phoenicians were notorious for the practice of piracy (Alberton, 2006). These Phoenicians normally operated in the Mediterranean where they attacked ships carrying trade inputs from different parts of the Known World. However, the coming of the Roman Empire saw a single government controlling a large number of nations in the region. This led to some level of naval co-operation that sought to control the activities of pirates and similar criminals (Alberton, 2006) Privateering The Am ericas were discovered by Europeans in 1492. The journey over the Atlantic presented a larger volume of ocean that ships and vessels were to cover. Unlike the Mediterranean which was a small corridor of water, the huge distance between Known World and the New world made it difficult for the waters to be patrolled and piracy controlled. This led to a new age of privateering. Privateering refers to individuals who had no national allegiance

Library Services Essay Example for Free

Library Services Essay Libraries today have improved their services in order to provide both printed and electronic materials to the users. Majority of students prefer using electronic materials to do their research since it is convenient and faster. In order to become â€Å"information literate† and to successfully deliver successful research project, it is important to locate the relevant information. It is important to understand the difference between doing a critical substantive research and â€Å"surfing the net† (American Library Association, 2003) The first step to undertake when a certain research assignment that requires internet research or library is given is to determine the objectives of the assignment. The student first sets on the section that has the topic of research using the library reference collection. A statement of objectives or background information helps the student to select the appropriate library catalogs, printed indexes and article databases. If the student is conducting an internet search ‘a statement of objectives’ helps him/her to establish the appropriate search tool and locate timely and relevant materials. LIBRARY STRATEGIES After setting and establishing the research objectives, the next step involves breaking down the assignment in to research strategy steps that would help in accomplishing the stated objectives (Dempsey, 2007). The research strategy steps involves first defining the topic using an appropriate book that has the background information or using an encyclopedia. From there a list of keywords and relevant phrases are developed that help in the search. If the research requires printed material, library catalogs, printed indexes and article databases are used to find recent and relevant information in books, journals and magazines. When using electronic materials, keywords are typed on the search engines or internet directories to locate high-quality, relevant and authoritative web sites. Most libraries are co-operating in order to provide developed services to the users. Therefore it is necessary to locate a library that has diversified materials as it would grant recent and quality materials to choose information from a number of books, journals or websites. When searching for materials online, it is important to look for licensed sites to avoid problems with the law. Scholarly articles are the best materials to do a research from as compared to popular sources because they are free from bias. CONCLUSION Library research process can be broken down in to five easy steps namely defining the topic, selecting research resources for the particular topic, locating the information identified in the selected resources, evaluating the resources and finally documenting or citing the resources (American Library Association, 2003). To define a topic involves having clear understanding of the research objectives. The topic of research should be well understood and background search conducted using encyclopedias, subject dictionaries or thesauri, bibliographies or research guides and handbooks. In case it becomes hard to locate a book using library catalogue, the librarian can be requested to give instructions and direction. A concept map is a method used by modern libraries to find information in electronic and print research resources. Selecting resources for research depends on whether the research requires in-depth study or not. If the resources are for basic research, Short Loan collections or articles and books found in Desk Copy can be used. However for an advanced search abstracting journals, indexing publications or electronic journals are used to locate conference papers and articles that are relevant to the topic. Peer reviewed scholarly articles are recommended for conducting research because they go through external editing that verifies the authenticity and accuracy of information presented. Reputable magazines and newspaper are a good source of information so long as they have current information and are objective. All research materials should be properly cited and documented to avoid plagiarism. REFERENCES American Library Association. (2003). Toolkit for academic and research libraries (@ your library: the campaign for Americas libraries). Chicago, IL: American Library Association. Dempsey, L. (2007). The network reconfigures the library systems environment. Retrieved on July 19, 2010 from http://orweblog. oclc. org/archives/001379. html

Galileo Galilei And His Impact Theology Religion Essay

Galileo Galilei And His Impact Theology Religion Essay Galileo Galilei was a pioneer of modern science during a time period that revolved around religion, causing the great debate of religion versus science. His effect on his time period changed how people thought about the world and introduced science to everyone, rather than just the wealthy. His lasting accomplishments have made him one of the most influential scientists in world history. He made astounding discoveries in astronomy, mathematics, and physics; many of which are still used today. Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. He was born to a noble family but had financial struggles which his father, an accomplished lutenist, tried to fix by giving music lessons (Fermi, 1996). Galileo had displayed an exemplary ability to learn at an early age, and his father decided that Galileo should attend the University of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Fermi, 1996). During his time at school, Galileo became interested in natural processes and science, and his life as one of the most renowned scientists ever had begun. During the 16th and 17th centuries when Galileo lived, the Scientific Revolution was slowly gaining more influence. The revolution began with Nicolas Copernicus with his heliocentric ideas and ended with Sir Isaac Newton and the discovery of multiple natural laws (Hatch, 2002). The reason this explosion of scientific discovery was known as a revolution was due to the radical ideas that scientists had put forth in relation to the ideas the Church had established in Western civilization. Before the Scientific Revolution began, the general understanding of the world was solely based on religion. The Revolution allowed people to replace their religious belief with facts and reason. This was not an easy transition, however, because religion and science have opposing ideals and during the Scientific Revolution these ideals clashed. The Roman Catholic Church, the largest and most influential Christian Church throughout history, had massive influence in Western civilization in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Church dominated most of the Western social life as their interpretation of the bible was the only accepted explanation to natural occurrences in the world (Hatch, 2002). Most scientific theories at the time were proposed by theologians, and all science that was taught was through the texts of these theologians and was universally accepted as true (Newall, 2005). Aristotle and Ptolemy were also referenced heavily in the Church. Church influence had begun to wane early in the 1500s, however, because of the Protestant Revolution and the rise of scientific theories proposed by scientists. These scientists, such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei, had done experiments and discovered that their results didnt match up with the Churchs results. This led to a conflict between scientific and theological scien ce (Newall, 2005). The beginning of the differences between accepted scientific laws given by the Church and the actual scientists began with the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and his De Revolutionibus, a book that explained that the earth revolved around the sun. Copernicus was timid about publishing the book because it went against almost 1400 years of the belief that the earth was the center of the universe, and the sun revolved around it (Fermi, 1996). Unfortunately for Copernicus, his book was very difficult to understand and did not gain any popularity. The small group of scientists that could understand Copernicus book would usually lecture about it, as it proposed more factual evidence as opposed to the theological teachings (Fermi, 1996). These scientists who agreed with Copernicus were known as Copernicans, and sought to spread his ideas. One of the most prominent Copernicans was Galileo Galilei. Before Galileo began his research on the Copernican Theory, he conducted experiments on laws of motion. Galileo was taught Aristotelian science, which was very inaccurate at the time. Galileo believed that Aristotles theory that objects fall according to their weight was false, so he publicly demonstrated an experiment where he dropped a large ball and a small ball from the Leaning Tower of Pisa, noting that they landed at about the same time (Drake, 1980). Galileo states the difference in his experiment and Aristotles in his book De Motu (meaning On Motion), stating Aristotle says that a hundred-pound ball falling from a height of a hundred cubits hits the ground before a one-pound ballà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I say they arrive at the same time. You find, on making the test, that the larger ball beats the smaller one by two inchesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Speaking only of my tiny error, remain silent about his enormous mistake (Drake, 1980). Galileo called this the Law of Falling Bodies, stating that objects fall with the same acceleration (Drake, 1980). This was the precursor to Isaac Newtons first law of motion, which is still accepted today. Galileo made other great strides in physics and mathematics before he moved onto different subjects in science. Galileo has shown his mathematical skill when he created his military compass, or sector. This sector consisted of two rulers and an axis, and was used for many mathematical calculations (Fermi 1996). The sector was able to do many mathematical problems similar to our calculators today. During the sixteenth century, when there were many wars going on, it was especially helpful in military situations, such as figuring the formation of an army, the weight and arc of a cannonball, or the incline of certain environments (Fermi, 1996). This led to the sector being known as the military compass. In the early 1600s Galileo became interested in the invention of the early magnifying glass. He attempted to make his own version of the magnifying glass, and according to Stillman Drake (1996), he reasoned that one of the two lenses must be convex and the other concave, and on fitting such a spectacle lenses in a lead tube he found that it worked (pg. 46). His first magnifying glass was powerful enough to see ships approaching a couple of hours before they could be seen by the naked eye (Drake, 1980). After many hours of grinding and experimenting with different lenses, Galileo was able to create the first telescope. With his telescope, which was incredibly powerful for the time period, Galileo began his career as an astronomer. In May of 1609, Galileo used his telescope to look at the moon. He discovered that, contrary to everyones belief, the moon had mountains and craters all over it. Soon by January 1610, he had improved his telescope to be able to see Jupiter. Galileo noticed objects revolving around Jupiter and discovered them as moons (Shea, 2003). This was a huge step for Galileo in proving that the earth revolved around the sun and that the earth had a moon that revolved around it. After Galileo made his discovery, he published an article, saying: Here we have a powerful and elegant argument to remove the doubts of those who accept without difficulty that the planets revolve around the sun in the Copernican system, but are so disturbed to see the Moon alone revolve around the earth while accompanying it in its annual revolution about the Sunà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ our eyes show us four stars that wander around Jupiter, as does the Moon around the earth and these stars together with Jupiter describe a large circle around the Sun in a period of twelve years. (Shea, 1993) As Galileo observed the skies more frequently, he made more discoveries that proved Copernicanism was correct. While he made these discoveries, the Church had begun to persecute Galileo. Galileos work was censored by the Church while he published, so many of his studies werent completely published. The reason that Galileo was persecuted as opposed to other scientists before him was because of his ability to write in common Italian (as opposed to Latin) in a popular tone. This allowed everyone from scientists to bakers to read his works, and his works became immensely popular and were translated into several languages (Fermi, 1996). Because these works were so popular, it weakened the Churchs influence rapidly, forcing them to put Galileo under house arrest for the rest of his life. Galileo lived almost 400 years ago, but his contributions to science and astronomy have made a lasting impression on our world today. His creation of the telescope and his studies of the universe completely revolutionized how we view space, and without him it might have taken longer for mankind discover the earth revolves around the sun. Galileo was also able to make great strides in physics, such as discovering that everything that falls will fall at a uniform rate. Many people credit Newton with discovering this law of physics as it is stated as Newtons First Law of Motion, but Galileo was the one responsible for creating the first experiments to prove the law true. Galileo was also one of the first scientists to take a stand against theological thinking and promote scientific evidence, which is still a conflict that exists today. Considering Galileos accomplishments throughout his life, he is one of the most important and influential scientists in world history.

Success Essay -- essays research papers

~~†If one advances confidently in the direction of their dreams, and endeavors to lead a life which they have imagined, they will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.† – Henry David Thoreau What is success?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is it the process of doing a task and receiving a positive result, or is it simply achieving ones own personal goals? One’s ability to succeed in life is almost directly related to an image of the perception of what success is. Many of America's most successful businessmen, such as J.P. Morgan and Andrew Carnegie, understood what it took to survive in the rapidly evolving business world. Their belief was that success is tangible only through smart business interactions and good money management, personality and good looks only serve as a bonus. Rene Gallimard in Madame Butterfly and Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman evidently did not grasp these experts' concept of success. Both Willy Loman and Rene Gallimard define success as their antithesis, and measure their level of accomplishment against their individual barometers for success. Willy Loman preaches that success comes hand in hand with a great smile and a jovial personality but he believes that success is hidden in far off opportunities. Rene Gallimard defines a successful person as one who has the ability to control and maintain power over another. Both of these images are tainted because they are simply representations of their maligned, s...

Challenges of restaurants facing in HK Essay

INTRODUCTION: It is well known that Hong Kong is a food paradise since there is an array of types of food and a wide range of restaurants can be founded in Hong Kong. The business of restaurants plays an important role in the food service sector in Hong Kong and it is gaining momentum due to the variety kinds of food provided. However, due to the cost, labor and competition factors, Hong Kong restaurants are facing challenges both internally and externally, and as a consequence, they are opening and closing at a fast pace. (Chung,2013) CHALLENGE 1: First and foremost, one of the crucial challenges facing by Hong Kong restaurants is the soaring rent of their locations. Due to the increasing tension of the land use in Hong Kong, the land price is increasing and as a result, the rent is rising. The tremendous amount of property rental increased by the property owners adds a large financial burden on the restaurants. Since they cannot gain any profits if they need to pay such an expensive rent, therefore, they will have no choice but to close down their restaurants. The famous Lei Yuen Congee Noodles (Chung, 2013) behind Sogo Department Store in Causeway bay is a case in point. It was forced to close because it was located in the core area in Causeway Bay and the rent was doubled. This case shows that the insurmountable rent may lead to an end of a restaurant business. Besides, the food cost is another challenges to Hong Kong restaurants. Due to the inflation, the cost of ingredients is increasing. Some commodities like vegetables, cooking oil, cheese and beef are costing higher, restaurants need to pay more and the profit is lower (Ryan, 2011). Some restaurants had tried not to increase the price od their dishes and make less profit they could get in order not to scare off their patrons initially, however, with the steady rise of food cost, they were not be able to impede the increase of their menu prices. Undoubtedly, the increase in the price of menus resulted in a loss of customers. CHALLENGE 2: Moreover, labor shortage is also a key challenge of Hong Kong restaurants.  (Wong, 2011) Because of the long working hours and tough work, many people are not willing to work in a restaurant, except those are passionate about food and beverage. With fewer newcomers in this industry, there is a lack of skillful staff. Although there is an implementation of minimum wage law in order to prevent workers from depriving, many people will prefer exploring in other industries rather that working in restaurants, especially the Generation Y who born in the 1980s and 1990s. McDonald’s Restaurants (Hong Kong) Limited is a case in point (Wong, 2011). The Generation Y group of staff has become increasingly mobile after the imposition of minimum wage law. They would like to seek better opportunities in other areas instead of working for long hours in the food industry. Since there will be fewer passionate people in food and beverage among the youngsters, as a consequence, there may be a sh ortfall of restaurants workers after the retiring of the current talented staff. The service quality and operational efficiency may not be maintained with a shortage of labor. Therefore, restaurants are facing a tremendous difficulty in the aspect of labor use. CHALLENGE 3: Last but not least, there is a fierce competition among restaurants. In today’s highly customer-oriented marketplace, maintain increasing levels of food hygiene and service quality is certainly important. Restaurants need to ensure that the basic service is good and the menu should not be dull and it should include some special dishes regularly in order to attract customers. However, it is not the only requirement for maintain restaurants’ competitive edge. Becoming a successful restaurant, not only do the food and service are in a good quality, media attention is also needed. Most of the upscale restaurants in Hong Kong are aggressive in holding events or collaborating with other business partners to offer promotions and to attract media attention. They will also add leisure components to the dining experience, such as wine tasting sessions, cooking classes or food photography courses(HKQAA,2011). Many casual restaurants also take advantage of the social media platform s, for instance, OpenRice and Facebook, to promote themselves by offering discounts. It shows that the competition among restaurants is extremely fierce and media attention plays a key role in the competition of restaurants. If the restaurants cannot stand out to  catch customers’ attention through media, the business may not be successful when they are comparing with other restaurants. CONCLUSION: To conclude, restaurants are facing many challenges in Hong Kong, ranging from internal challenges to external challenges. Although the monetary challenges, lack of labor and the fierce competition add a burden on running the restaurants business, there are always solutions to solve the problems. With the perfect service and tasty food provided, restaurants can succeed and always stand out from others. REFERENCES: Cathie Chung(2013),Attractiveness And Challenges Of Restaurant Business In Hong Kong (Website:http://www.joneslanglasalleblog.com/APResearch/retail-research/attractiveness-and-challenges-of-restaurant-business-in-hong-kong#.UmvxjRaA3X9) HKQAA(2013),VISION (Website : http://www.hkqaa.org/cmsimg/1375072136vision48.pdf) Nicolette Wong(2011),Challenges and incentives motivate young restaurant workers (Website http://cthr.ctgoodjobs.hk/article/show_article.aspx/1174-14129-challenges-and-incentives-motivate-young-restaurant-workers) RYAN(2011),Can Restaurants Increase Their Menu Prices In Response To The Rising Food Cost? (Website: http://www.kng.com/blog/food-and-beverage-news/can-restaurants-increase-their-menu-prices-in-response-to-the-rising-food-cost/)

Mental Status Exam Essay Example

Mental Status Exam Essay Example Mental Status Exam Essay Mental Status Exam Essay Thuy Huynh November 16, 2012 Mental Status Exam 1) Appearance (unkempt, unclean, clothing disheveled, atypical clothing, well-groomed, drab, meticulous, obese, underweight, etc. ) -clothing were disheveled, unshaven-ed beard, unclean, unkempt attire 2) Attitude (resistive, cooperative, complacent, detached, resentful, suspicious, uncooperative, overly compliant, provocative, other symptom) -detached from surrounding environment, seemed to be on guard at all times 3) Mood (sad, melancholy, euphoric, labile, irritable, hostile, apathetic, anxious, other symptom) -anxious ) Affect (flat, blunted, appropriate to mood, inappropriate to mood, euphoric, other symptom) -animatedand/or inappropriate affect 5) Behavior (repetitive movements, posturing, waxy flexibility, agitated, impulsive, seductive, anxious, avoids eye contact, psychomotor retardation, hyperactive, violent, restless, other symptom) -anxious, restlessness, pacing back and forth, talking to self, performing defensive moves in hallway, paranoid 6) Speech Content (grandiose, self-depreciative, flight of ideas, loose associations, ideas of reference, hallucinations, delusions, phobias, other ymptom) loose associations 7) Speech Quality and Quantity (overly talkative, slowed, pressured, mute, stutter, dysarthria, guarded, calm, monotone, soft, loud, relevant, coherent, other) monotone at times, when speaking to self speech was soft, incoherent on occasion 8) Sensorium and Intellectual Functioning A) Orientation- did not seem oriented to place or time B) Memory (remote, retention, confabulation)- not able to track C) Patient’s store of general information- knew basic information D) Ability to Abstract-not able to assess ) Insight (patient’s reaction to problem and assessment of causes) -was not quite able to get an accurate assessment on whether or not he had insight to his disease 10) Judgement (regarding own health and business affairs) -not able to make own decisions about own health and business affairs 11) Suicidal and/or Homicidal Risk -was not able to assess 12) Erikson stages: chronological Generativity vs. Stagnation actual – Industry vs. Inferiority 13) Defense mecha nisms: projection, regression Axis I – schizophrenia, paranoia Axis II Axis III Axis IV Axis V Psych. Meds Three top priority nursing diagnoses for this patient: 1- Disturbed personal identity r/t inability to distinguish self and nonself AEB bizarre, regressive behavior, disorganized thought process, and inappropriate affect. 2- Ineffective health maintenance r/t inability to identify, manage, and seek out help in order to maintain health AEB lack of sleep and inability to follow through with ADLs. 3- Ineffective coping r/t maturational and/or situational crises AEB alterations in societal participation and inability to follow rules.

Advantages and disadvantages of MSN Messenger The WritePass Journal

Advantages and disadvantages of MSN Messenger Advantages and disadvantages of MSN Messenger Introduction  ConclusionRelated Introduction All over the world many people use the internet. One of the main reasons for using internet   is communication. People communicate with each other in many different ways such as: emails, chat rooms and of course instant messaging programs. Have you ever used MSN? Personally Ive been using it for years now and I know many friends and people from my family use MSN. MSN is a one of the most popular instant messaging service in the world and in my opinion the best I have ever used. It has millions of users around the world. It has a lot of amazing and different feature in addition to its basic work as an instant messaging software. However, like most things there are advantages and disadvantages related to this program. and this is what Im going to write about in my report. MSN program was created by Microsoft on July 22, 1992. It was formally named MSN Messenger but it has been renamed as windows live messenger on December 13, 2005. It has many different versions, the first version of MSN messenger was version 1.0. It was released on July 22, 1999. It was only included basic feature like text messaging and very simple contact list. More than 10 version have been released since then and there are many popular versions people still use until now like Messenger 7.5, Windows Live Messenger 8, Windows Live Messenger 2009 and the final one, Windows Live Messenger 2011 which was released on September 30, 2010 and   I personally recommended it for its many different interesting features. To sign in the MSN Messenger you must have first an email account (excluding @hotmail, @msn or @live). When you open the program it will ask you to enter your email and password first. If you dont have a hotmail account you can get one easily and for free from the hotmail website and If you dont have the MSN program also there are many free links you can find and download the program from it . Like most instant messaging services the main advantage of using MSN program is the ability to communicate with friends, family and businesses. It is like conversation on a chat room with yourself and a friend or more. You type a message and it appear on their screen, they type a reply and it appear also on your screen. It is actually safer and more privet than chat rooms. it is simple, free, easy to access and use. It is good for keeping in touch with friends and family. users can add as many contacts as they want. When users sign in to MSN Messenger they will be able to see which of their contacts are online. It has a possibility to send messages to contacts who are offline and they will receive the offline messages as soon as they log in. They can share and send folders like pictures, music, documents and many different kinds of files. It is support voice and video conversation, that is mean you will be able to see who you are talking to through the webcam. It is similar to video calling on mobiles but it is better quality and of course for free. There is also an ability which was launched on July 12, 2006 that allows windows live messenger and Yahoo users to chat with each other without having to create an account on the other service. In addition the software allows you to run more than one messenger on multiple accounts. You can delete and block contacts so they wont be able to contact you ever again unless you added them again but in the latest version instead of blocking feature you can appear offline to your contacts as well as to particular contacts. Users can connect services like Facebook and MySpace with windows live messenger. They can post updates and photo to these services also imports contacts from these services. In MSN Messenger there are many fun games available that can be played via the conversation. You can invite your friends to challenge them in a game competition. There are graphics you can use which are called Emoticons. Users can se nd messages to other contact in a way that make the conversation more attractive and express a particular emotion. You can also add more emoticons by downloading more from internet. like any other thing in the world MSN has disadvantages too. But they are few comparing with the huge advantages that the program has. I think one disadvantage that most users know about is that you dont have the control about who adds you to their own contact list. So many times strangers people add me but I always block and delete them. You have always to update for the new versions released. Sometimes it has log on problems. People can send you viruses through files. And the most common problem of course is hacking   your hotmail account. It happens to users and sometimes they cant have their accounts back. MSN also used sometimes for gossiping. There is a feature called MySpace, were you users can write about themselves and put self pictures for them. It is a little dangerous if you put self photos because you dont know who is seeing them and took them. There are not so many disadvantages but they are still little bit risky and its important to be aware of them.   Conclusion In conclusion I think MSN Messenger are indeed very important program that continue to attract people from all over the world. I feel it is somehow become a way of life. Where people meet and talk   for hours. Manar Mohammed AL-Sawafi